Conteúdos

●    Prepositions (preposições).

Objetivos

●    Compreender a importância das prepositions na Língua Inglesa;
●    Aprender sobre suas funções e como utilizá-las nas produções textuais e leituras.

Palavras-Chave:

Inglês. Prepositions. Preposições.

Proposta de Trabalho:

Para começar, trataremos do uso das preposições na Língua Inglesa. Na sequência, veremos as prepositions mais utilizadas, seus significados e funções. Para finalizar, veremos alguns exercícios sobre o assunto.

1ª Etapa: O que são as prepositions?

Na Língua Inglesa, as prepositions são palavras que podem ser utilizadas para expressar:
a)    uma relação espacial entre dois ou mais entes;
b)    uma relação temporal entre dois eventos; ou
c)    relações abstratas diversas.

As prepositions são classificadas em:
a)    simple prepositions – palavras que atuam sozinhas, assumindo a função de preposição; e
b)    complex prepositions – pares ou grupos de palavras que, quando em conjunto, atuam como preposições.

2ª Etapa: Simple prepositions

Há muitas preposições na língua inglesa. As mais utilizadas foram selecionadas e incluídas no quadro abaixo, acompanhadas de sua correspondência semântica para o português, bem como de um exemplo de aplicação prática.

3ª Etapa: Complex prepositions

Embora a maior parte das preposições em inglês corresponda a palavras sozinhas, alguns conjuntos de duas ou mais palavras também atuam, quando reunidas, como preposições.

As complex prepositions mais utilizadas estão no quadro abaixo, seguidas de sua correspondência semântica na língua portuguesa e também de um exemplo de uso.

4ª Etapa: Questões

Seguem abaixo alguns exemplos de como o tema usualmente aparece em vestibulares. O gabarito está depois das questões.

1) (UNC – 2011 – vestibular de verão)

Which is the correct sequence of the miss-ing words in the text?
a)    in – in – and – for – at
b)    at – in – and – for – in
c)    in – in – and – to – in
d)    at – of – for – to – off

Disponível em: QConcursos

2) (IFRS – 2014)

Assinale a alternativa que preenche correta e respectivamente as lacunas das linhas 1, 2, e 6.
a)    to – of – into – by
b)    by – into – to – of
c)    to – into – by – of
d)    by – to – into – of
e)    into – of – by – to

Disponível em: QConcursos

3) (UEA – 2012)
Instrução: Leia o texto para responder a questão.

A lacuna do texto pode ser corretamente preenchida por
a)    at
b)    to
c)    in
d)    from
e)    over

Disponível em: QConcursos

4) (UNIFESP – 2018)

Why so few nurses are men

Ask health professionals in any country what the biggest problem in their health-care system is and one of the most common answers is the shortage of nurses. In ageing rich countries, demand for nursing care is becoming increasingly insatiable. Britain’s National Health Service, for example, has 40,000-odd nurse vacancies. Poor countries struggle with the emigration of nurses for greener pastures. One obvious solution seems neglected: recruit more men. Typically, just 5-10% of nurses registered in a given country are men. Why so few?
Views of nursing as a “woman’s job” have deep roots. Florence Nightingale, who established the principles of modern nursing in the 1860s, insisted that men’s “hard and horny” hands were “not fitted to touch, bathe and dress wounded limbs”. In Britain the Royal College of Nursing, the profession’s union, did not even admit men as members until 1960. Some nursing schools in America started admitting men only in 1982, after a Supreme Court ruling forced them to. Senior nurse titles such as “sister” (a ward manager) and “matron” (which in some countries is used for men as well) do not help matters. Unsurprisingly, some older people do not even know that men can be nurses too. Male nurses often encounter patients who assume they are doctors.

Another problem is that beliefs about what a nursing job entails are often outdated – in ways that may be particularly off-putting for men. In films, nurses are commonly portrayed as the helpers of heroic male doctors. In fact, nurses do most of their work independently and are the first responders to patients in crisis. To dispel myths, nurse-recruitment campaigns display nursing as a professional job with career progression, specialisms like anaesthetics, cardiology or emergency care, and use for skills related to technology, innovation and leadership. However, attracting men without playing to gender stereotypes can be tricky. “Are you man enough to be a nurse?”, the slogan of an American campaign, was involved in controversy.

Nursing is not a career many boys aspire to, or are encouraged to consider. Only two-fifths of British parents say they would be proud if their son became a nurse. Because of all this, men who go into nursing are usually already closely familiar with the job. Some are following in the career footsteps of their mothers. Others decide that the job would suit them after they see a male nurse care for a relative or they themselves get care from a male nurse when hospitalised. Although many gender stereotypes about jobs and caring have crumbled, nursing has, so far, remained unaffected.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2018. Adaptado)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “To dispel myths, nurse-recruitment campaigns”, o termo sublinhado indica

a)    equivalência.
b)    adição.
c)    causa.
d)    contraste.
e)    finalidade.

Disponível em: QConcurso

5) (UNESP – 2017)

It is essential to promote social inclusion by providing spaces for people of all socio-economic backgrounds to use and enjoy. Quality public spaces such as libraries and parks can supplement housing as study and recreational spaces for the urban poor.
      There is a need to ensure that there is an equitable distribution of public spaces within cities. Through the provision of quality public spaces in cities can reduce the economic and social segregation that is prevalent in many developed and developing cities. By ensuring the distribution, coverage and quality of public spaces, it is possible to directly influence the dynamics of urban density, to combine uses and to promote the social mixture of cities’ inhabitants.
      Rights and duties of all the public space stakeholders should be clearly defined. Public spaces are public assets as a public space is by definition a place where all citizens are legitimate to be and discrimination should be tackled there. Public space has the capacity to gather people and break down social barriers. Protecting the inclusiveness of public space is a key prerequisite for the right to the city and an important asset to foster tolerance, conviviality and dialogue.
      Public spaces in slums are only used to enable people to move. There is a lack of public space both in quantity and quality, leading to high residential density, high crime rates, lack of public facilities such as toilets or water, difficulties to practice outdoor sports and other recreational activities among others.
                                                                                                    (www.learning.uclg.org)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “as a public space is by definition”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
a)    by.
b)    however.
c)    like.
d)    yet.
e)    because.

Disponível em: QConcursos

Gabarito

1) c) in – in – and – to – in
Nesta alternativa, o significado das palavras encaixa-se perfeitamente aos contextos apresentados.

2) c) to – into – by – of
Nesta alternativa, o significado das palavras encaixa-se perfeitamente aos contextos apresentados.

3) d) from
A palavra “from” se encaixa perfeitamente ao contexto apresentado no texto, tendo o significado próximo de “de”, ou “desde de”.

4) e) finalidade
No contexto apresentado, a palavra “to” indica finalidade (algo como “para”), sendo a correspondência semântica algo próximo de “Para dissipar mitos, a campanhas de recrutamento de enfermeiras…”.

5) e) because. No trecho apresentado, a palavra “as” explica por qual razão os espaços públicos são bens públicos, dizendo que isso se dá porque os espaços públicos são locais em que as pessoas podem estar e onde discriminação alguma deveria existir. Nesse contexto, a palavra que poderia substituir o “as” é “because” (porque).

Roteiro de Estudos elaborado pela Professora Daniela Leite Nunes